For generations, milk has been sold as the quintessential bone-building beverage — a staple in school lunches and a symbol of wholesome living. But modern science tells a more layered story, one where the benefits of dairy are not quite as straightforward as once believed.
Promising Evidence, but Not the Full Story
A landmark 2021 Australian trial involving more than 7,000 elderly care residents found that increasing daily dairy intake from two servings to 3.5 led to an 11% drop in falls and a 33% reduction in fractures. Participants also maintained better weight, muscle mass, and bone density.
Yet, researchers cautioned against attributing the fracture reduction solely to stronger bones — improved muscle strength and coordination may have been equally important factors.
More Than Just a Glass of Milk
Experts now emphasize that exercise — particularly weight-bearing activity — often plays a greater role in bone strength than milk alone. Genetics, diet quality, vitamin D levels, and overall health all intersect to determine skeletal resilience.
Countries with low dairy consumption but high physical activity, such as Japan, often report lower fracture rates, suggesting that lifestyle may outweigh any single dietary factor.
Who Stands to Benefit Most
For children between 9 and 18, when bones are rapidly growing, and for older adults whose bodies naturally lose calcium-retaining efficiency, dairy can be a reliable and accessible source of calcium and protein. But it’s not the only path to healthy bones.
Alternatives like tofu, fortified plant-based milks, sardines, salmon, leafy greens, yogurt, and cheese can all deliver the nutrients necessary for skeletal health — and in some cases, may even be better tolerated.
The Case for Moderation
While moderate dairy intake appears safe and beneficial for many, research from Sweden and elsewhere has suggested that excessive milk consumption could be linked to increased fracture risk and even higher mortality in certain populations. Scientists stress that bone health is best supported by a balanced approach — combining varied nutrition, vitamin D, and consistent physical activity.